POUT-T: The translational substudy of a phase III randomised trial of peri-operative chemotherapy versus surveillance in upper tract urothelial cancer. The objectives of POUT-T are: to investigate the molecular pathogenesis of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma (UTUC); to identify prognostic and predictive biomarkers of UTUC; and to identify diagnostic biomarkers of UTUC. POUT-T participants are requested to provide the following specimens pre-operatively, post operatively, 6 months following surgery, and at disease recurrence: whole blood for germline DNA analysis; whole blood for cell-free DNA analysis; first morning urine for DNA, proteome and metabolome analyses. In addition, paraffin-embedded tumour tissue from nephro-ureterectomy is requested for immunohistochemistry and DNA/RNA analyses.